某型柴油机水泵、机油泵间隙调整工装的应用

为了方便某柴油机前端水泵和机油泵齿轮间隙的调整,改变以前传统的调整方法,通过长期在装配现场的观察和了解,设计出某柴油机前端水泵和机油泵齿轮间调整工作,经现场使用验证;该工装安全、小巧轻便精度高,改善了装配的劳动强度和装配质量。     

奥钢联板坯铸机驱动力报警问题的分析及改进

浇铸过程中，驱动力报警会导致紧急停浇甚至滞坯事故发生。为防止事故发生，通常采用降速、强冷等措施，但降速造成成本浪费，强冷又产生裂纹等质量缺陷，两者都难以满足生产需要。通过对铸机的各项参数对比分析，找到影响驱动力报警的主要原因为辊缝异常，轻压下模型参数、冷却工艺设置不合理等，通过调整二冷工艺、优化模型参数、加强轻压下区域扇形段辊缝维护，可以达到明显降低驱动力、消除报警的目的，从而保证连铸生产稳定。     

精密磨床转台静压轴承的强健化设计

针对精密磨床转台静压轴承性能仿真数据与其回转精度实测数据不一致的问题，为提高转台静压轴承的设计水平，提出了静压轴承的强健化设计方法。该方法考虑了轴承结构参数在轴承全生命周期内的变化，分析了半径间隙、油腔尺寸、节流比及润滑油黏度在设计、加工、装配和服役4个阶段的变化规律，重点研究了半径间隙在各阶段对轴承性能造成的影响，给出了转台静压轴承的强健化设计流程。通过一个径向轴承的设计实例对该强健化设计方法进行了说明，并将设计结果与传统设计进行了对比。对比的指标是轴承在4个阶段的刚度、承载力和温升，这3个指标对轴承回转精度有直接影响。研究表明：进行强健化设计后，在生命周期内静压轴承的刚度和承载力的变化量为10%~27%，温度的变化量为0.5%~1.6%，较传统设计更能保证转台回转精度的稳定。     

Transfer learning between crop types for semantic segmentation of crops versus weeds in precision agriculture

Agricultural robots rely on semantic segmentation for distinguishing between crops and weeds to perform selective treatments and increase yield and crop health while reducing the amount of chemicals used. Deep‐learning approaches have recently achieved both excellent classification performance and real‐time execution. However, these techniques also rely on a large amount of training data, requiring a substantial labeling effort, both of which are scarce in precision agriculture. Additional design efforts are required to achieve commercially viable performance levels under varying environmental conditions and crop growth stages. In this paper, we explore the role of knowledge transfer between deep‐learning‐based classifiers for different crop types, with the goal of reducing the retraining time and labeling efforts required for a new crop. We examine the classification performance on three datasets with different crop types and containing a variety of weeds and compare the performance and retraining efforts required when using data labeled at pixel level with partially labeled data obtained through a less time‐consuming procedure of annotating the segmentation output. We show that transfer learning between different crop types is possible and reduces training times for up to 80%. Furthermore, we show that even when the data used for retraining are imperfectly annotated, the classification performance is within 2% of that of networks trained with laboriously annotated pixel‐precision data.     

抽采孔液态CO2预裂效果显微CT实验研究

为研究液态CO2预裂爆破后,煤体内裂隙发育情况,采用高精度微焦点显微CT系统,对预裂后不同区域的煤样进行CT扫描,并利用Photoshop进行孔裂隙占比统计学分析。研究结果显示,距预裂孔4 m处的煤体裂隙发育明显,孔裂隙占比增加了一倍,而在5 m处的煤体裂隙则发育较弱。表明抽采孔内采取液态C2预裂技术后,4 m范围内的煤体裂隙得到了充分发育,为瓦斯抽采提供了有利条件。     

Physics‐based spectral sharpening through filter‐chart calibration

The spectral overlap of color‐sampling filters increases errors when using a diagonal matrix transform, for color correction and reduces color distinction. Spectral sharpening is a transformation of colors that was introduced to reduce color‐constancy errors when the colors are collected through spectrally overlapping filters. The earlier color‐constancy methods improved color precision when the illuminant color is changed, but they overlooked the color distinction. In this article, we introduce a new spectral sharpening technique that has a good compromise of color precision and distinction, based on real physical constraints. The spectral overlap is measured through observing a gray reference chart with a set of real and spectrally disjoint filters selected by the user. The new sharpening method enables to sharpen colors obtained by a sensor without knowing the camera response functions. Experiments with real images showed that the colors sharpened by the new method have good levels of color precision and distinction as well. The color‐constancy performance is compared with the data‐based sharpening method in terms of both precision and distinction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 564–576, 2015     

高精度多环片自动装配控制技术

为了实现对微小环片零件的自动化装配,搭建了自动装配系统.通过4根直线导向轴与4个直线轴承来提高系统的导向精度和刚度.采用直线导轨进行各装配作业模块之间的切换,保证了微小环片零件的自动装配与取出.在环片的装配方向上,螺旋升降机和光栅尺实现环片的位置精度控制.在Lab VIEW编程环境中,采用分层软件架构和模块化控制思想,避免了不必要的数据循环检测与丢失,能够达到环片组件的装配精度要求.控制系统分为系统初始化模块、参数设置模块、装配模块和取出模块,自动装配系统通过各个模块间的相互交流配合完成装配任务.采用本文中自动装配系统装配环片的实验结果表明,环片零件装配的最大位置误差为26μm,垂直度误差为17μm,平均装配时间为75 s/片,可满足环片组件所需的精度要求.     

移动加热源法制备单层硒化镓晶体

为了解决硒化镓(GaSe)晶体制备困难、化学性能差的问题,对GaSe晶体传统的化学汽相沉积制备方法进行了改进,采用移动加热源法制备GaSe晶体。搭建了GaSe晶体的制备装置,通过单片机精确调控制备晶体的高温炉的加热温度、移动位置等参数,并采用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜对所制备的GaSe晶体进行辅助表征。研究表明,利用移动加热源法可以制备出表面光滑且尺寸较大的单层二维GaSe晶体。由于对机电设备实现了自动精密移动,可对单层二维GaSe晶体实现高质量大批量的制备,有利于GaSe晶体在光电子学和纳电子学中的广泛应用。     

压电精密驱动柔性微夹钳设计

为了实现对微纳尺度下物件的精密夹持,建立了柔性微夹钳系统。并对该系统柔性夹钳设计、运动学、动力学和控制方法等进行研究。首先,利用柔性铰链设计方法设计了柔性微夹钳,利用伪刚体法建立了机械的伪刚体模型。接着,以伪刚体模型法建立了系统的运动学模型,即机械放大比和输入刚度等数学模型。然后,利用拉格朗日方法建立了系统的动力学方程,得出系统的自然振动频率。最后,通过ANSYS有限元方法对系统建立的模型进行了仿真分析和验证,此外,利用PID控制算法对微夹钳系统进行实验控制。实验结果表明:跟踪控制结果误差为2.4%;放大比为9.12倍。基本满足微纳尺度下的微夹持工作,其工作精度可达微米级别甚至纳米级别,符合设计要求。